The efficiency of forest resources use can be improved through co-production of several products. In biorefineries, various kinds of bioresources can be used to co-produce energy services such as electricity, transportation fuel, pellets and district heating and material products such as wood and fiber products and bio-based chemicals. The system analysis concept is used in this project to compare energy, carbon and economic efficiency of various biorefinery co‐production systems. We consider the new technologies for bioenergy conversion in the context of and new methods of forest management which increase forest productivity, and analyze how the choice of technological and logistical solutions for recovery and transport of forest resources influences the use of biomass resources, taking into account scale of operation and transport distances.